【職業英文百科】最齊全的行業職稱中英對照，讓你秒懂 CEO、PM、R&D

在全球化的浪潮下，無論您是準備踏入職場的社會新鮮人、尋求跨國機會的資深專家，或是在日常工作中需要與外國客戶及同事交流，精準地運用「職業英文」已成為不可或缺的核心技能。能夠流利且正確地介紹自己的職務、理解他人的專業領域，不僅能大幅提升您的專業英文形象，更是建立有效溝通與拓展人脈的基石。

然而，職業英文的世界遠比課本上的 teacher、doctor 或 engineer 來得更為複雜且細緻。從新興科技業的「數據科學家 (Data Scientist)」到金融界的「合規主管 (Compliance Officer)」，每個職位都有其專屬的英文術語。這篇文章將為您提供一份全面且深入的指南，內容涵蓋：

核心概念解析：深入探討 job, work, career, occupation 等詞彙的細微差異。
公司架構詳解：從CEO、總監到各部門的英文職稱與縮寫。
跨行業詞彙總覽：分門別類整理超過10大行業、數百個職業的英文說法，並附上實用例句，助您活學活用。

透過本篇的系統性學習，您將能自信地駕馭職場英文，在任何場合都能展現無可取代的專業價值。

核心概念解析：Job, Work, Career, Occupation, Profession 的區別

在中文裡，我們常用「工作」或「職業」來描述我們的謀生方式，但在英文中，對應的詞彙卻有著細膩的語境差異。釐清這些字的用法，是展現您英文深度的第一步。

英文詞彙	中文意義	特性與用法	實用例句
Work	工作；勞動	不可數名詞(n.)或動詞。指抽象的、廣義的工作行為或任務，強調「付出勞力」的這件事。	I have a lot of work to do today. (我今天有很多工作要做。) What time do you finish work? (你幾點下班？)
Job	工作；職位	可數名詞(n.)。指具體的、有給薪的特定職位或崗位。	She is looking for a part-time job. (她正在找一份兼職工作。) He has had five jobs in three years. (他三年內換了五份工作。)
Career	職業生涯；事業	可數名詞(n.)。指個人長期的、有發展性的職業道路或歷程，帶有「職涯發展」的意涵。	He decided to pursue a career in medicine. (他決定從事醫療事業。) She has a brilliant career as a lawyer. (她作為一名律師，擁有輝煌的職業生涯。)
Occupation	職業；行業	可數名詞(n.)。較為正式的詞彙，常用於書面文件或官方表格上，指一個人所從事的工作類別。	Please state your name, age, and occupation on the form. (請在表格上填寫您的姓名、年齡和職業。)
Profession	專業；（需專業技能的）職業	可數名詞(n.)。特指需要高等教育或特殊專業技能的職業，通常受到社會尊敬，如醫師、律師、會計師等。	The legal profession requires years of dedicated study. (法律這個專業需要多年的潛心學習。)

公司組織架構英文：從高階主管到各部門職稱

瞭解一間公司的組織架構與個人明確的job title是商務溝通的基礎。以下為您整理常見的管理階層、部門及其英文說法。

管理階層與常見職位 (Management & Common Positions)

英文全名	縮寫	中文職稱
Chairman / Vice Chairman	–	董事長 / 副董事長
Chief Executive Officer	CEO	執行長
Chief Operating Officer	COO	營運長
Chief Financial Officer	CFO	財務長
Chief Technology Officer	CTO	技術長
Chief Marketing Officer	CMO	行銷長
General Manager	GM	總經理
Vice President	VP	副總經理、副總裁
Assistant Vice President	AVP	協理
Director	–	總監、董事
Manager	–	經理
Assistant Manager	–	副理
Section Manager	–	課長
Supervisor	–	主任、監督者
Project Manager	PM	專案經理
Account Executive	AE	專案執行、業務執行
Special Assistant	–	特別助理
Personal Assistant	PA	個人助理
Intern	INT	實習生

公司部門英文 (Company Departments)

英文全名	縮寫	中文部門
Human Resources Department	HR	人力資源部
Research and Development Department	R\&D / RD	研發部
Information Technology Department	IT	資訊科技部
Marketing Department	MKT	行銷部
Sales Department	–	銷售部、業務部
Customer Service Department	CS	客戶服務部
Public Relations Department	PR	公共關係部
Quality Control Department	QC	品質管理部
Accounting Department	–	會計部
Finance Department	–	財務部
Administration Department	–	行政部
Purchasing Department	–	採購部

各行各業職業英文詞彙詳解

以下將分門別類，提供各個主要行業的職業類別英文詞彙、中文翻譯及實用例句，幫助您在特定領域的對話中更顯專業。

1. 資訊科技 (Information Technology)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Software Engineer	軟體工程師	The software engineer is developing a scalable application architecture.
Data Scientist	數據科學家	Our data scientist extracts valuable insights from complex datasets.
Web Developer	網頁開發人員	He works as a web developer, creating responsive websites.
UX/UI Designer	使用者體驗/介面設計師	The UX/UI designer is responsible for making the app intuitive and visually appealing.
Animator	動畫師	The animator created stunning visual effects for the movie.
DevOps Engineer	開發維運工程師	A DevOps engineer helps automate and streamline the software development lifecycle.
Database Administrator	資料庫管理員	The database administrator ensures our data is secure and performs optimally.
Network Administrator	網路管理員	The network administrator is troubleshooting the connectivity issues.
Cybersecurity Specialist	網路安全專家	She is a cybersecurity specialist focused on protecting our systems from threats.
Machine Learning Engineer	機器學習工程師	The machine learning engineer builds predictive models with high accuracy.
Cloud Architect	雲端架構師	The cloud architect designed a robust and scalable multi-region infrastructure.

2. 商業與金融 (Business & Finance)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Accountant	會計師	The accountant prepared the annual financial reports for the board meeting.
Financial Analyst	財務分析師	A financial analyst is evaluating investment opportunities for the company.
Auditor	審計員	The external auditor is here to review our financial statements for compliance.
Investment Banker	投資銀行家	Investment bankers facilitate mergers, acquisitions, and capital raising.
Dealer / Trader	交易員	The financial trader executes buy and sell orders on behalf of clients.
Risk Manager	風險經理	The risk manager developed strategies to reduce the portfolio's volatility.
Compliance Officer	合規主管	Our compliance officer ensures that the company adheres to all legal regulations.
Business Analyst	業務分析師	The business analyst bridges the gap between the IT team and the business stakeholders.
Sales Representative	銷售代表	The sales representative exceeded the quarterly sales target by 20%.

3. 醫療與健康 (Healthcare & Medicine)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Surgeon	外科醫師	The surgeon performed a minimally invasive procedure with excellent results.
Nurse	護理師	The nurse provided compassionate and comprehensive care to the patient.
Pharmacist	藥劑師	The pharmacist counseled the patient on the correct usage of their medication.
Dentist	牙醫師	My dentist recommends a check-up every six months for optimal oral health.
Veterinarian / Vet	獸醫	The veterinarian specialized in treating exotic animals.
Psychologist	心理學家	The psychologist provides therapy for patients dealing with anxiety.
Radiologist	放射科醫師	A radiologist interprets medical images like X-rays and MRIs.
Nutritionist	營養師	The nutritionist developed a personalized diet plan for the athlete.
Physical Therapist	物理治療師	The physical therapist is helping him regain mobility after the injury.

4. 教育與學術 (Education & Academia)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Professor	教授	The professor is a leading expert in the field of quantum physics.
Lecturer	講師	The lecturer delivered an engaging presentation on modern history.
Principal / Headmaster	校長	The principal implemented new policies that significantly improved student performance.
School Counselor	學校輔導員	The school counselor provides mental health support and academic guidance.
Curriculum Developer	課程開發人員	A curriculum developer designs educational programs and teaching materials.
Librarian	圖書館員	The librarian helped the students find resources for their research project.
Educator	教育家	As a dedicated educator, she has inspired thousands of students throughout her career.

5. 工程與建築 (Engineering & Construction)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Civil Engineer	土木工程師	Civil engineers design and oversee large construction projects like bridges and dams.
Architect	建築師	The architect designed a sustainable building that won an environmental award.
Structural Engineer	結構工程師	A structural engineer ensures that the building's design is safe and can withstand stress.
Mechanical Engineer	機械工程師	A mechanical engineer designs and develops machines and mechanical systems.
Electrical Engineer	電氣工程師	The electrical engineer is working on the building's power distribution system.
Chemical Engineer	化學工程師	Chemical engineers apply principles of chemistry to solve problems involving the use of chemicals.
Industrial Designer	工業設計師	An industrial designer develops the concepts for manufactured products, like cars and electronics.
Construction Manager	施工經理	The construction manager is responsible for coordinating the entire building process.
Interior Designer	室內設計師	An interior designer transformed the office space to improve workflow and aesthetics.
Plumber	水管工	We need to call a plumber to fix the leak in the bathroom.
Electrician	電工	The electrician is installing a new smart lighting system in our home.
Technician	技術員	The lab technician is responsible for maintaining all the scientific equipment.

6. 藝術、媒體與行銷 (Arts, Media & Marketing)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Marketing Manager	行銷經理	The marketing manager launched a campaign that increased brand awareness by 40%.
Social Media Manager	社群媒體經理	The social media manager grew our Instagram following by 300% in a year.
Content Writer / Copywriter	內容/文案寫手	The copywriter created compelling ad copy that drove a high conversion rate.
Public Relations (PR) Specialist	公關專員	The PR specialist is managing the company's communication during the crisis.
Journalist / Reporter	新聞記者	The journalist reported on the global issue with accuracy and integrity.
Broadcaster	廣播員	The broadcaster delivered the morning news with a clear and engaging voice.
Photographer	攝影師	The photographer captured stunning images for the fashion magazine.
Graphic Designer	平面設計師	Our graphic designer created a new logo and brand identity for the client.
Artist	藝術家	The artist is exhibiting her latest sculptures at the downtown gallery.
Illustrator	插畫家	The illustrator was commissioned to create artwork for the children's book.
Actor / Actress	男演員/女演員	The actor delivered a compelling performance in the new film.
Performer	表演家	As a versatile performer, she excels in both singing and dancing.

7. 公共、生活與其他專業服務 (Public, Lifestyle & Other Professional Services)

職業英文	中文翻譯	實用例句
Firefighter	消防員	The firefighter bravely rescued the family from the burning building.
Police Officer	警察	The police officer is directing traffic during the morning rush hour.
Astronaut	太空人	Becoming an astronaut requires extensive training in science and engineering.
Astronomer	天文學家	The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using the space telescope.
Translator	翻譯員	The translator facilitated clear communication during the international conference.
Salesperson	業務員	A good salesperson understands the customer's needs and offers the right solution.
Administration Staff	行政人員	The administration staff handles the daily clerical and organizational tasks.
Courier / Delivery Person	快遞員/外送員	The courier delivered the urgent package right on time.
Cashier / Clerk	收銀員/店員	The cashier greeted every customer with a friendly smile.
Porter / Bellhop	行李員	The hotel porter assisted the guests with their luggage.
Hairdresser / Barber	美髮師/理髮師	My hairdresser gave me a stylish new haircut for the summer.
Makeup Artist	化妝師	The makeup artist transformed the actor for the movie role.
Massage Therapist	按摩師	He booked an appointment with a massage therapist to relieve his back pain.
Pet Groomer	寵物美容師	The pet groomer is skilled at handling anxious dogs and cats.
Zookeeper	動物飼養員	The zookeeper is responsible for the health and well-being of the animals.
Inspector	檢查員	The safety inspector is conducting a thorough check of the factory equipment.
Counselor	諮詢師	She works as a career counselor, helping people find suitable jobs.
Choreographer	編舞家	The choreographer created a stunning dance routine for the musical.

常見問題 (FAQ)

Q1: 「工作」的英文到底該用 job 還是 work？

A: 這是一個常見的疑問。簡單來說，work 是不可數名詞，指廣義、抽象的工作或勞動，如 I have a lot of work (我有很多事要做)。而 job 是可數名詞，指具體的、有薪水的職位，如 She found a new job (她找到一份新工作)。

Q2: 詢問他人職業時，為什麼不建議直接說 "What's your job?"？

A: 雖然文法正確，但 "What's your job?" 在口語中聽起來可能過於直接甚至有些唐突。更自然、禮貌的問法是 "What do you do?" 或 "What do you do for a living?"。如果想知道對方所屬的領域，可以問 "What field are you in?"。

Q3: CEO, CFO, COO 這些縮寫到底是什麼意思？

A: 這些是高階主管職位的縮寫：

CEO (Chief Executive Officer)：執行長，公司最高負責人。
CFO (Chief Financial Officer)：財務長，負責公司的財務、會計與投資。
COO (Chief Operating Officer)：營運長，負責公司日常的營運管理。

Q4: 我該如何有效地記憶這麼多職業英文單字？

A: 建議採用分類記憶法，如同本文一樣，將單字按行業、部門或職級分類。同時，不要只背單字，要將它們放進例句中學習，理解其使用情境。製作自己的單字卡，或是在閱讀相關產業的英文新聞時，特別留意這些詞彙的實際應用，都是非常有效的方法。報名相關的線上課程也是一種系統性的學習方式。

總結

精通職業英文不僅僅是背誦單字，更重要的是理解其背後的文化語境與專業意涵。從辨析 job 與 career 的根本差異，到熟知不同行業的職稱與部門術語，每一個細節都是您專業素養的體現。希望這份詳細的指南能成為您職場英文學習道路上的得力助手，幫助您掃除溝通障礙，自信地在全球化的舞台上發光發熱。持續學習並勇於在實踐中運用，您會發現，語言的力量將為您的職業生涯開啟無限可能。